Although the Hui'an Chinese officially belong to the Han nationality, many aspects of their culture are unique among the peoples of China. Visitors coming to Hui'an for the first time often mistake these women for members of a minority nationality. There is some justification for this. Recently, a scholar inferred from their butterfly ornaments and unique customs that they must be a branch of the ancient Yue tribe, the butterfly being the tribe insignia of the Yue. It also seems likely that the customs of tattooing and wrapping their teeth in gold are inherited from the Yue people."

The Hui'an region was historically inhabited by thousands of merchants from around the world. The elaborate dress of the Hui'an women dates back to the Song Dynasty (960-1279), "when one Li Wenhui, a court official, made a proposal of marriage to a village girl. Notwithstanding her objections, the ceremony went ahead, with the girl bound hand and foot. When the time came for her own daughter to wed, she dressed her in clothes symbolic of her own unhappy marriage. The short loose blouse revealing the midriff represents her dishevelment, the embroidered squares resemble patches and the bands of pattern on sleeve and trouser equate to the rope which bound her."

For centuries the Hui'an have considered baby girls inferior to boys. They customarily killed girls by drowning them at birth. The Hui'an have a reputation as cunning businessmen. A local expression states the Hui'an will "rob you and then tie you up."

The majority of Hui'an Chinese are Daoists. Ancestor worship also plays an important role in their lives and beliefs.

There are several Catholic, Three-Self, and house churches among the Hui'an Chinese. Although Fujian has one of the largest Christian populations in China, the Hui'an have generally proven more resistant to the gospel than the several other Chinese groups throughout the province.

Scripture Prayers for the Han Chinese, Hui'an in China.