Undoubtedly, the Kondh have grown in their civilization, but the people live a somewhat primitive lifestyle. Agriculture is carried out using a primitive style without any machines. They totally depend on rain for agriculture. Otherwise they depend on hunting. But as there is no such option now for hunting, they remain without work and income in other times of the year.

The Kondh tribe is found in various parts of India, primarily in the state of Odisha. They lived in dense forest areas. A survey was conducted in Nabarangpur district in three villages: Doka Amba, Tipapani and Bainsibandha. All the villages come under the Jharigam block of Nabarangpur district in Odisha. These villages lie in the Jharigam-Chandahandi mountain range bordering the Nabarangpur and Kalahandi districts.

The Kondh do not trust modern medicine. They have a great belief in 'Gunias' and 'Siras' and thus they have a high infant mortality rate in the area. In addition, education is not adequately available. Instead of going 25 km for medical aid, they depend upon the Gunias for treatment.

They are unable to adjust to modern advances due to poor communication and lack of education and a poor health system. Though they live15 to 25 km from the block headquarters in Jharigam, there is no road to those areas. Mainly in rainy season these areas remain cut off from the main land. There is no school or hospital in the area. The Kondh have to depend on Jharigam for much of their resources and services. They also have to send their children to nearby schools which are 10 km from their home. This is the reason that they do not want to send their children for education.

* Scripture Prayers for the Kandha Gauda in India.