Adibasi Janajati in Nepal

Introduction / History

The Adibasi Janajati of Nepal are not a single ethnic group but an umbrella term referring to the indigenous peoples of the country. "Adibasi" means original inhabitants, and "Janajati" refers to ethnic groups outside the traditional Hindu caste hierarchy. These communities were present in Nepal long before the arrival and dominance of caste-based Hindu groups. Today, they are found across the country, though many live in the western regions. Most now speak Nepali, even when they historically had their own distinct languages.

What Are Their Lives Like?

Because this term includes many different ethnic groups, their lifestyles vary widely. However, most Adibasi Janajati communities live in rural or semi-rural areas and depend on subsistence agriculture. Village life is typically centered on family, land, and community cooperation.

Historically, these groups have faced marginalization and loss of land, resources, and cultural identity due to the dominance of higher-caste groups. Many continue to experience limited access to political power, education, and economic opportunity.

What Are Their Beliefs?

Most Adibasi Janajati people identify as Hindu, but their practice is often mixed with traditional and indigenous beliefs. Hinduism in this context is highly diverse and commonly blended with animistic practices, ancestor reverence, and local spiritual traditions.

Their beliefs are often syncretistic, combining elements of Hindu worship with older systems focused on spirits, nature, and community rituals. There is little consistent exposure to biblical Christianity among them.

What Are Their Needs?

The Adibasi Janajati face both spiritual and practical needs. Spiritually, they remain largely unreached, with limited access to the gospel in forms that are culturally and linguistically meaningful. Their diversity and dispersion make outreach more complex, requiring thoughtful, localized engagement.

Practically, many continue to experience economic hardship, social marginalization, and reduced access to education and political representation. Long-standing inequalities have affected their ability to preserve language, culture, and land rights.

Prayer Points

Pray that the Adibasi Janajati people would come to understand the truth of the gospel and turn to Jesus Christ in faith.
Ask God to raise up wise and committed workers who can engage these diverse communities with cultural understanding and perseverance.
Pray that the Adibasi Janajati would be adopted through the People Group Adoption program, resulting in sustained prayer and long-term gospel outreach.
Pray that, as individuals come to faith, they would grow strong and begin to share the gospel within their own distinct communities.

Text Source:   Joshua Project